3. An economic, environmental, and social analysis of autonomous mechanical weeding in sugar beet farming
On both organic and conventional farms, autonomous mechanical weeding used more skilled labour due to routine supervision, field-to-field transport, and human intervention requirements. Higher skilled labor time with robotics negatively affected farmers’ work–life balance. Investment cost, supervision and human intervention requirements, technology specialization, and logistics of field operations were identified as the main barriers to adoption of the tested weeding robot.
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