This review summarizes the current evidence of approaches ranging from phytochemicals to botanicals, nutritional and mineral modulators, microbiome-directed biotics and metabolites, immunological effectors, nanodelivery systems and omics-guided platforms. Collectively, these strategies intervene at multiple biological nodes, from a direct parasitic effect at different developmental stages of the parasite to preserving mucosal architecture and modulating host immunity, reprogramming gut microbial ecology and improving metabolic resilience during infection.
Coccidiosis, caused by an obligate intracellular parasite of the genus Eimeria, is the most economically parasitic disease in poultry.
Long-term reliance on synthetic anticoccidials and ionophores has accelerated the emergence of drug resistance and intensified the need for effective, residue-free alternatives.
These approaches consistently reduce lesion severity, oocyst shedding, oxidative stress, and mortality while improving growth parameters in a variety of Eimeria models.