Improved understanding of soil-plant-pathogen interactions has led to the development of diverse management tools, including optimized nutrient management, residue handling, soil structure improvement, and microbial-based approaches that enhance soil suppressiveness
Introduction
Soil management is one of the most powerful agronomic tools for influencing disease dynamics and sustaining wheat production. In general, it encompasses all practices and decisions that affect the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties (Hatfield et al., 1994). Soil management essentially refers to practices that modify the soil environment to improve fertility, structure, or biological activity and mitigate limiting factors for plant production. These practices include tillage, residue management, crop rotation, intercropping, fertilization, water and nutrient management, pH adjustment, and the use of organic amendments, such as manure or compost.