The most recent modern variety had the highest grain yield of all varieties but the lowest protein content. At low or medium initial availability of nitrogen, landraces were shown to yield similarly to modern organic varieties, give high and stable protein content, and in addition suppress weeds better and produce higher straw yields.
Abstract
Landrace cereals have become more popular among organic farmers in Europe. However, little is known about the response of landraces to environmental conditions and farmers’ management compared to modern cultivars.