Limiting restraint time of the sow during lactation may enhance welfare, health and production of pigs. More time in the crate increased stress in sows which was reflected in her offspring.
With indoor pig production, the sow is often restrained in a “farrowing crate” during the lactation period. This crate allows the sow to stand and lie down, but otherwise her movement is restricted. Farrowing crates were designed to limit piglet mortality due to crushing by the sow, which represents a major economic loss and welfare concern. Farrowing crates also provide safe access to both the sow and her piglets for management. However, there is growing pressure to remove these crates in favour of either farrowing pens, where the sow can be temporarily crated, or loose farrowing systems where there is no restraint. This is due to pressure from the public and stakeholders to improve the welfare and health of the sow, whose natural behaviour is limited when crated.
In a recent study, researchers modified traditional farrowing crates, so that they could be opened to allow the sow free movement from three days after birth (Figure 1). The group investigated the effects of opening the farrowing crate at different time points after the piglets were born. Sows were grouped into two groups for analysis based on when the crates were opened: short restraint (crates opened within 3-10 days of birth) or long restraint (crates opened within 13-24 days). Piglets were weaned at 24 days of age. A total of 77 mixed breed, mixed parity sows were used, and 997 piglets were born in this study.